Pit Bulls Love - "Youngest kids most vulnerable to dog bites"

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(Reuters Health) - Infants and toddlers up to 2 years old make up a large proportion of kids in the U.S. who are treated at trauma centers for dog bites each year, according to a recent study.

Since they’re too young to be taught how to interact with dogs, it’s up to parents to learn about dog safety, researchers write in the journal Injury Prevention.

“Dogs are important members of the family, but it’s also important to remember that they are dogs and can be a potential source of injury for children,” said senior study author Rita Burke, a community health researcher at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles in California.

“Even if a family with children doesn’t own a dog, neighbors and friends own dogs, so this is relevant to all families with children,” Burke said in a telephone interview.

About 37 percent of U.S. households own a dog, which works out to about 70 million dogs across the country, Burke and her colleagues note. Some 5 million people in the U.S. are bitten by dogs each year, half of whom are children.

To see which age groups are most at risk and assess other characteristics of these incidents, the researchers analyzed 7,900 cases of dog bites logged between 2007 and 2014 in the National Trauma Data Bank for patients 17 years old or younger.

They found that 34 percent of the kids were 6 to 12 years old, and 30 percent were 2 years old or younger. The majority of cases, nearly 84 percent, occurred at home. A little more than half of the bites occurred on the face, but at the same time, nearly 80 percent were considered minor injuries. Although more girls received bites than boys in this study, the boys tended to have more severe injuries.

“Traditionally, boys have a higher prevalence for bites, but maybe more girls are bitten in the younger age groups, which are the cases that go to trauma centers,” Burke said. “Maybe our data doesn’t include more injuries in boys that go to community hospitals.”

Burke and colleagues were also surprised to see so many injuries in the youngest age group, which tended to happen mostly at home and to be more severe than injuries in older kids. This may be because younger kids are learning how to act around dogs and may not recognize cues that a dog is upset and ready to bite.

“This is where adult supervision becomes critical,” Burke said. “I know it’s hard not to leave your child alone with your dog, especially as a trusted member of the family, but there’s really no substitute for supervision.”

The study authors also suggest so-called live dog training for parents, especially those with children under 2. This type of training discusses dog behavior and supervision, even around pets that are well-known. It also highlights face-to-face interactions among dogs, kids and parents.

The study team also recommends training that includes how to detect signs of aggression in dogs for kids in the older 6-12 age group.

“When kids get bitten, especially in the face, it can cause long-term cosmetic problems and scars,” said Dr. Amr Abdelgawad of Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center in El Paso, who wasn’t involved in the study.

“It’s not a simple decision to have a young toddler with a dog at home,” Abdelgawad said in a phone interview. “Parents should take more precautions as the child becomes curious about the dog, and the dog tries to explore the toddler.”

Along with live dog training, researchers are studying how virtual reality and simulated interactions could help both parents and kids, said David Schwebel, director of the Youth Safety Lab of the University of Alabama at Birmingham, who wasn’t involved in the study. As children get older, video-based testimonials and internet-based games are proving effective and less expensive, he added.

“The primary message is clear: All dogs can bite. It is hard for us to remember this, as we love our dogs, and they serve us in so many valuable ways,” Schwebel said by email.

“But if provoked, any dog - even the best-trained and most loved dog - can bite.”

By..... Carolyn Crist

SOURCE: bit.ly/2Fmnnho Injury Prevention, online February 8, 2018.

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Pit Bulls Love - "The Learn to Earn Program: Developing Leadership in Humans and Impulse Control in Dogs"

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To download the free poster on The Learn to Earn Program, go here.

Every day pet owners email me about problems they are having with their dogs—anxiety, aggression, unruly, lack of focus. One of the common themes with all of these scenarios is that these dogs tend to lack impulse control and their humans need to find better ways to provide guidance and leadership.

Fortunately, humans can develop the needed communication skills while training dogs to have self-control and emotional control in one fun, reward-based program called the Learn to Earn Program. In this program, humans gain leadership by controlling all the resources that motivate the pet and requiring the pet willingly work for these items instead of getting them for free. Now, the focus is on using all valued resources to reward desirable behaviors while simultaneously removing the rewards for undesirable behavior.

This overall approach has been called nothing in life is free, no free lunch, or the learn-to-earn program. Each behavior consultant has his or her own variation. The following presentation is my own version of the Learn to Earn Program for Developing Leadership in Humans and Impulse Control in Dogs. The actual program is laid out step-by-step with photos in Perfect Puppy in 7 Days (chapter 5). This blog is part of a 3-part blog that highlights the most important points of my Learn to Earn plan.

Overview

Say Please by Automatically Sitting is the Foundation Behavior

In this Learn to Earn program, the idea is to use everything your dog wants to your advantage as rewards for training purposes. The dog will learn to earn everything she wants by politely and automatically saying please by sitting.  She will at the same time, learn that performing undesirable behaviors such as jumping on you cause the potential rewards for those behaviors to go away.

For the fastest training, dogs should earn their meal throughout the day when you are home. That means no food in the food bowl. Instead, you’ll carry food around with you in your pockets,  in a bait bag or have it available in easily accessible containers throughout the house. Then, throughout the day, when you are home, you’ll reward appropriate behavior.

How the Learn to Earn Program Trains Leadership and Communication Skills in Humans.

This program consists of setting clear rules for the dog to automatically sit for all resources. The human learns to communicate the rules by immediately (i.e., within 0.5 seconds) reinforcing correct behaviors as they occur, and preventing the dog from receiving rewards for undesirable behaviors. So a large part of this program is teaching owners the exact body movements and timing that help them convey a clear message.

Leadership is established when humans can set clear guidelines for the dog’s behavior and can effectively communicate the rules by always rewarding correct behaviors as they occur while preventing or immediately removing the rewards for undesirable behaviors before they are accidentally reinforced. The owner must stick to this plan long enough for the good behaviors to become a habit.

When owners can meet these criteria, their dog learns to view them as consistent, predictable, and able to guide. Alternatively, when rules change randomly the dog may view the owner the same way you might view a boss who keeps changing his mind. Overall with the Learn to Earn Program, rather than complying out of fear, dogs can choose to follow human direction because doing so leads to rewards and then doing so becomes a habit. This model reflects a good understanding of the underlying cause of improper canine behavior and leads to a stronger dog–owner bond.

How the Learn to Earn Program Leads to Self Control in Dogs.

In general, dogs have impulse control issues because taking things without asking, barging through the door,  blurting out of turn, and pulling with all their might have worked so well in the past. For some dogs and breeds of dog there may be a physiologic or genetic tendency towards having less impulse control, which means their humans must carry out the program more thoughtfully and consistently than owners of the average dog.

In this program, we turn the house rules onto their head. Whereas taking things without asking worked before, the only thing that works to get them what they want now is to automatically say please by sitting. We start with easy situations such as requiring dogs to sit for treats or kibble delivered by hand. This way we can quickly build up a high rate of reinforcement leading to a faster rate of learning. Next, we systematically work with more difficult situations such as sitting to play fetch or for the opportunity to chase squirrels and then we expect longer or more bouts of desired behavior for fewer and fewer rewards.

                         

The Benefits: How the Program Changes Your Dog’s Perspective

Because dogs learn that the only way they can get what they want is by sitting and looking to you for permission, the learn to earn program teaches them to control their emotions (self-control) even if that means remaining calm in order to:

• get attention from you or whatever they want most.
• that paying attention to you, your words, signals, and guidance are important because it gets them what they want.
• when faced with a difficult situation, they can and should look to you for guidance.

Consequently, the Learn to Earn program is useful for dogs with fear, anxieties (including separation anxiety), arousal issues or hyperactivity, inability to focus on their owners, as well as just general lack of training and unruly behavior.

Why training during all interactions throughout the day and for all resources, including all of their food, is important.

This training throughout the day and for all resources, including each kibble, may seem a huge inconvenience but doing so will make a huge difference. Here’s why we do it.

• So your dog will develop a habit rather than a trick: If you only train in specified sessions, your dog may just learn to behave during those training sessions. The things you do at the start of such sessions, such as pulling out a treat bag or placing a special collar or leash on, will become the cues to behave for just that short time rather than behaving well all the time.  Then, if on top of that you add other resources such as petting, attention, and play when she wants these things, you’ll increase your toolbox of rewards even more. Add to this removal of all rewards for undesirable behavior and now you have a formula for changing the dog’s behavior patterns virtually overnight (meaning days to weeks instead of weeks to years).

                         

The necessity and benefits of tethering your dog to you at first.

In the first days of training your dog should be tethered to you on leash at all times when you are at home and she isn’t in her crate or pen, dog-safe room, or tethered to an object near you. When she’s not tethered to you, she specifically needs to be in some type of situation where she can’t practice unwanted behaviors, such as barking, pacing, and others that reinforce poor impulse control. Tethering to you is especially important because:

• If your dog’s near, it’s easier to reward good behaviors as they occur. Otherwise, you tend to forget and miss opportunities, which makes training take weeks or months longer.

• Because she’s supervised, it’s difficult for her to practice or perform unwanted behaviors.

• Tethering to you teaches your dog that when she doesn’t want to pay attention to you, she can’t just blow you off, walk away, and then get rewarded by something else, such as a dropped food wrapper that she grabs. That is, tethering her to you helps prevent rewards for undesirable behavior.

I use a Buddy System hands free leash (www.buddysys.com) for the tethering to me or to furniture. I keep my dog on a regular flat buckle collar or on a harness that hooks to the front such as the WalkinSync®, Freedom Harness® or Gentle Leader Harness.

How long to continue the plan.

Some people assume they’ll have to continue this intense program forever. The reality is that if humans work at this diligently their dogs will progress more in a week than most dog-human teams learn in many months. But just so you have an idea of how long you will go.

Continue the complete indoor program including tethering:

• In general, a dog should stay on this tethering stage until she readily and automatically quickly sits when she wants something—food, attention, to go out the door, etc—and also has a 100% come when called the first time you call even when there are distractions in the house. To develop that 100% come when called you will go through stages where the dog is dragging a long leash so you can specifically work on come.
• For most problem dogs that I work with in my house, this takes just several days or at most a week. For more difficult dogs this stage may last much longer (3-4 weeks for me which means much longer for you).

Continue the sit for everything: Until you have the perfect dog that you want. Remember that impulse control in one situation will affect arousal and control in another. So that if our dog goes bonkers over squirrels and over tennis balls, say please by sitting in order to play fetch is important for getting him to behave well around squirrels too.

To download the free poster on The Learn to Earn Program, go here.

By...... Dr Sophia Yin

Source..... drsophiayin.com/blog

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Pit Bulls Love - “A community approach to dog bite prevention ” – Pit Bull Bans Just Don’t Work…..

Pit Bulls Love.....

Dogs have caused many local governments to consider

supplementing existing animal control laws with ordinances

directed toward control of specific breeds or types of dogs.

Members of the AVMA Task Force believe such ordinances are inappropriate and ineffective.

Statistics on fatalities and injuries caused by dogs cannot be responsibly used to document the “dangerousness” of a particular breed, relative to other breeds,

for several reasons.

 

First, a dog’s tendency to bite depends on at least 5 interacting factors: heredity, early experience, later socialization and training, health (medical and behavioral), and victim behavior.

 

Second, there is no reliable way to identify the number of dogs of a particular breed in the canine population at any given time (eg, 10 attacks by Doberman Pinschers relative to a total population of 10 dogs implies a different risk than 10 attacks by Labrador Retrievers relative to a population of 1,000 dogs).

 

Third, statistics may be skewed, because often they do not consider multiple incidents caused by a single animal.

 

Fourth, breed is often identified by individuals who are not familiar with breed characteristics and who commonly identify dogs of mixed ancestry as if they were purebreds.

 

Fifth, the popularity of breeds changes over time, making comparison of breed-specific bite rates unreliable. Breed-specific ordinances imply that there is an

objective method of determining the breed of a particular dog, when in fact, there is not at this time.

Can you pick the pit bull......

Owners of mixed-breed dogs or dogs that have not been registered with a national kennel club have no way of knowing whether their dog is one of the types identified and whether they are required to comply with a breed-specific ordinance.

 

In addition, law enforcement personnel typically have no scientific means for determining a dog’s breed that can withstand the rigors of legal challenge, nor do they have a foolproof method for deciding whether owners are in compliance or in violation of laws.

 

Such laws assume that all dogs of a certain breed are likely to bite, instead of acknowledging that most dogs are not a problem. These laws often fail to take normal dog behavior into account and may not assign appropriate responsibilities to owners.

 

Some municipalities have attempted to address notice and enforcement problems created by unregistered and mixed-breed dogs by including in the ordinance a description of the breed at which the ordinance is directed.

Unfortunately, such descriptions are usually vague, rely on subjective visual observation, and result in many more dogs than those of the intended breed being subject to the restrictions of the ordinance.

 

Animal control legislation has traditionally been considered a constitutionally legitimate exercise of local government power to protect public safety and welfare. Breed-specific ordinances, however, raise constitutional questions concerning dog owners’ fourteenth amendment rights of due process and equal protection.

 

When a specific breed of dog is selected for control, 2 constitutional questions are raised: first, because all types of dogs may inflict injury to people and property, ordinances addressing only 1 breed of dog appear to be under inclusive and, therefore, violate owners’ equal protection rights; and second, because identification of a dog’s breed with the certainty necessary to impose sanctions on the dog’s owner is impossible, such ordinances have been considered unconstitutionally vague and, therefore, to violate due process…..

Source….. American Veterinary Medical Association
Task Force on Canine Aggression and Human-Canine Interactions

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Pit Bulls Love - "To know them is to love them."

Pitbulls are impressively loyal, bold and courageous animals. They are natually clownish, alert and intelligent…in other words, a whole lot of fun to have around! Many participate and excel in various dog sports and activities, including obedience trials, search and rescue work, agility trials, flyball and frisbee competitions, and weight pulling events. With their tenacious work drive and strong desire to please their owners, they are natural competitors and win impressive titles wherever they’re worked.

The soft side of the breed shows up in their gushing affection for humans – a desirable trait that was very important to the original breeders of this animal and remains so today. For this reason, many pitbulls work as certified therapy dogs in hospitals and nursing homes.

Breed Info

Contrary to popular belief, “pitbull” is not actually a breed at all. It is a term used to describe dogs with similar characteristics and those belonging to the “bully breed” families of dogs. Among others, breeds like American Staffordshire Terriers, Staffordshire Bull Terriers, American Pit Bull Terriers, and mixes of those breeds, all fall under the blanket term “pitbull”.

Generally speaking, pitbulls have an astounding love for people, which makes them incredible family companions. They thrive on human interaction and are champion snugglers. Pitbulls are extremely affectionate, and the emotional bond between a pitbull and its human is unparalleled. The fun loving, spunky and affectionate attitude of the pitbull terrier is what most admirers come to love most about these dogs.

Pitbulls are terriers – they are active, energetic, enthusiastic, and have a zest for life. They have a powerful physique and are athletically talented so they typically excel at canine sports. The pitbull’s determination and high desire to please can make training relatively easy, but it can also get them into trouble. Without mental stimulation and human interaction, they can easily become bored. They are intelligent and make excellent guardians, though the pitbull is much too people-friendly to be considered a guard dog.

The real pitbull obtains its characteristics, such as indomitable courage, high intelligence, and loyalty, from the past history of the Staffordshire Bull Terrier. This is a breed that is willing to please by any means possible, which is undoubtedly the reason they have been used for centuries in dog fighting pits. The pitbull will easily accept and adjust to changes, resulting from their love of people. These dogs are docile, agile, independent, and strong-minded. These qualities, coupled with its affection for humans, and children in particular, its off-duty quietness and trustworthy stability, makes it a foremost all-purpose family dog if researched properly and your lifestyle allows it. Pitbulls adore attention, and are best suited for indoor homes. Outdoor homes are not recommended with this breed, as they have come to be the number one target for dog theft. As with any breed, consideration needs to be taken to make sure that this breed is one that will fit your lifestyle, and that you can offer what this breed needs in a responsible family.

Pitbulls have a short coat that requires minimal grooming. An occasional bath is usually all they need. Due to their short coat, pitbulls do not do well when left outside in the elements. Not only do they want to be warm, they want to be inside with you. Because “pitbull” is a blanket term for multiple breeds, they come in all shapes, sizes, and colors. Most commonly, pitbull-type-dogs are lean, agile dogs weighing about 40 to 60 pounds.

History of Pitbulls

The American “Pit Bull” Terrier was bred for game purposes; both bull baiting and hog hunting. When those sports were outlawed, they were bred and used for the more widely known dog fighting. In mentioning the gameness of the breed, it is not meant to tag him as a fighting machine, nor is it the intent to praise this trait. The origin of the gameness is important in understanding the breed, the requirements for owning the breed, and why it is crucial that the pitbull be placed into homes that will not abuse the origin of the breed. The pitbull has an unprecedented origin of being game. However, these dogs were NEVER bred to be human aggressive, and quite contrary to many beliefs, they make excellent family pets for the right individuals. They were even once popularly known as the “Nanny Dog” for their exceptional love and nurturing of children.

Is a pitbull the right type of dog for you?

Although the pitbull is an excellent companion, they are not right for everyone. Affectionate and loving, pitbulls are strong-willed and will make their own rules if you let them. They need a confident, decisive leader that will give them consistent structure and boundaries. It can be hard work, but your efforts will be rewarded when your pitbull is a well-behaved breed ambassador, making you the envy of all of your dog-parent friends for having such an awesome pup!

Pitbulls thrive on human attention and interaction so they need to live alongside of their human family. They would prefer a spot on the couch or maybe even snuggling under the covers!

Are you ready to raise some eyebrows? 

Owning a pitbull is incredibly rewarding, but you may be negatively judged by others. Unfortunately, there is a negative stigma surrounding pitbulls. Aim to break the stereotypes. It is important to be responsible and set the best example possible with your pitbull. When faced with negative comments or looks, let your dog show naysayers just how great pitbulls really are!

Once you’ve experienced the joy of owning a pitbull, you’ll wonder how you ever lived without one. There is no love like the love of a pitbull!

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https://www.friendstotheforlorn.org/ab…/
For this great article!!!

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U-Tube version 
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Pit Bulls Love - "What is BSL?"

“Breed-specific” legislation (BSL) is the blanket term for laws that either regulate or ban certain breeds completely in the hopes of reducing dog attacks. Some city/municipal governments have enacted breed-specific laws (view the comprehensive BSL map). However, the problem of dangerous dogs will not be remedied by the “quick fix” of breed-specific laws—or, as they should truly be called, breed-discriminatory laws.¹

It is worth noting that in some areas, regulated breeds include a whole range of breeds:

• American Pit Bull Terriers
• American Staffordshire Terriers
• Staffordshire Bull Terriers
• English Bull Terriers
• Rottweilers
• American Bulldogs
• Dogo Argentino
• Canary Dog (Canary Island Dog, Presa Canario, Perro De Presa Canario)
• Presa Mallorquin (Perro de Presa Mallorquin, Ca De Bou)
• Tosa Inu (Tosa Fighting Dog, Japanese Fighting Dog, Japanese Mastiff)
• Cane Corso (Cane Di Macellaio, Sicilian Branchiero)
• Fila Brasileiro
• Mastiffs
• Dalmatians
• Chow Chows
• German Shepherds
• Doberman Pinschers
• Any mix of these breeds—and dogs who simply resemble these breeds

You read that right: Those who simply resemble these breeds. So if your dog looks like one, you should be worried. If you look at the list of countries, breeds and various legislation recorded in Wikipedia: Breed-Specific Legislation, it’ll make your head spin.

On the bright side, many states (including New York, Texas and Illinois) favor laws that identify, track and regulate dangerous dogs individually, regardless of breed, and prohibit BSL.

WHAT’S WRONG WITH BREED-SPECIFIC LAWS?

BSL targets dogs of a certain appearance and does not take into account how the owner has trained or managed the dog. It does not take into account the dog’s actual behavior.

There are two forms of BSL: bans and restrictions. From Stop BSL:

A breed ban usually requires that all dogs of a certain appearance (“targeted breed”) be removed from the municipality wherein the ban has been implemented. After the effective date of the ban, dogs in the municipality that are identified as targeted breeds are usually subject to being killed by animal control, though in some cases, such dogs may be saved if relocation is an option. Breed bans may have grandfather clauses that allow dogs of targeted breeds to stay in the ban area (provided they are registered with the municipality by a certain date, and likely subject to various breed-specific restrictions).

Breed-specific restrictions may require an owner of a targeted breed do any of the following or more, depending on how the law is written:

• Muzzle the dog in public
• Spay or neuter the dog
• Contain the dog in a kennel with specific requirements (6′ chain link walls, lid, concrete floors, etc.)
• Keep the dog on a leash of specific length or material
• Purchase liability insurance of a certain amount
• Place “vicious dog” signs on the outside of the residence where the dog lives
• Make the dog wear a “vicious dog” tag or other identifying marker

BSL carries a host of negative and wholly unintended consequences:¹

• Dogs go into hiding
  Rather than give up their beloved pets, owners of highly regulated or banned breeds often attempt to avoid detection of their “outlaw” dogs by restricting outdoor exercise and socialization and forgoing licensing, microchipping and proper veterinary care, including spay/neuter surgery and essential vaccinations. Such actions have implications both for public safety and the health of these dogs.
• Good owners and dogs are punished
  BSL also causes hardship to responsible owners of entirely friendly, properly supervised and well-socialized dogs who happen to fall within the regulated breed. Although these dog owners have done nothing to endanger the public, they are required to comply with local breed bans and regulations unless they are able to mount successful (and often costly) legal challenges.
• They impart a false sense of security
  Breed-specific laws have a tendency to compromise rather than enhance public safety. When limited animal control resources are used to regulate or ban a certain breed of dog, without regard to behavior, the focus is shifted away from routine, effective enforcement of laws that have the best chance of making our communities safer: dog license laws, leash laws, animal fighting laws, anti-tethering laws, laws facilitating spaying and neutering and laws that require all owners to control their dogs, regardless of breed.
• They may actually encourage ownership by irresponsible people
  If you outlaw a breed, then outlaws are attracted to that breed. Unfortunately some people take advantage of the “outlaw” status of their breed of choice to bolster their own self image as living outside of the rules of mainstream society. Ironically, the rise of Pit Bull ownership among gang members and others in the late 1980’s coincided with the first round of breed-specific legislation.
• 
  

BSL will not only exhaust the limited resources of the already underfunded animal control programs by flooding them with potentially “unadoptable” dogs; it could cost individual communities millions of dollars while providing questionable results fulfilling its purpose of preventing dog related injuries and fatalities as. The costs of enforcing BSL include but are not limited to:²

• Animal control and enforcement costs,
• Expenses for kenneling and veterinary care,
• Expenses related to euthanasia and carcass disposal,
• Litigation costs from residents appealing or contesting the law, and;
• Possible DNA testing costs.

Additional costs depending on current resources available to a specific community’s animal control program may include:

• Additional shelter veterinarians,
• Increased enforcement staffing, and;
• Capital costs associated with increased shelter space needed.

To calculate what BSL will cost you if one is enacted in your city, state

On August 6, 2012, the American Bar Association (ABA) House of Delegates approved Resolution 100, urging “all state, territorial, and local legislative bodies and governmental agencies [. . .] to repeal breed discriminatory or breed specific provisions.” A comprehensive recommendation is accompanied by an extensive report detailing the legion of problems associated with breed specific regulation, including:³

• significant questions of due process;
• waste of government resources;
• documented failure to produce safer communities;
• enforcement issues connected with identifying the dogs to be regulated or seized;
• and infringement of property rights.

Bottomline: there is no evidence that breed-specific laws make communities safer for people or companion animals.

Following a thorough study of human fatalities resulting from dog bites, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) decided not to support BSL. The CDC cited, among other problems, the inaccuracy of dog bite data⁴ and the difficulty in identifying dog breeds (especially true of mixed-breed dogs). The CDC also noted the likelihood that as certain breeds are regulated, those who exploit dogs by making them aggressive will replace them with other, unregulated breeds.

And we’ll be back at square one, with probably worse outcome.

____________________________________________________________________

¹ASPCA – Breed Specific Legislation
²Best Friends Animal Society, “The Fiscal Impact of Breed Discriminatory Legislation in the United States” (PDF) – April 2012
³American Bar Association’s Resolution 100 (PDF) – August 2012
⁴Dog bite data varies greatly; not all bites are reported, and those reported aren’t always documented into databases.
⁵Best Friends Animal Society: Breed-Discriminatory Legislation: An Ineffective Response to Negligent or Reckless Owners

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